Debian11总算发布了，2024年Centos7停止维护以后估计就是deb系列的天下了。
kernel
一般LTS的内核维护周期为6年，非常适合服务器用。
| Version |
Maintainer |
Released |
Projected EOL |
| 5.10 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2020-12-13 |
Dec, 2026 |
| 5.4 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2019-11-24 |
Dec, 2025 |
| 4.19 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2018-10-22 |
Dec, 2024 |
| 4.14 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2017-11-12 |
Jan, 2024 |
| 4.9 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2016-12-11 |
Jan, 2023 |
| 4.4 |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin |
2016-01-10 |
Feb, 2022 |
算起来，Ubuntu LTS的偶数年4月发布和Debian的奇数年发布，都能让用户享受最新的LTS内核资源，真幸福，而且OS还提供5年的维护更新。
debian
| Previous LTS Releases |
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| Debian 6 “Squeeze” |
i386 and amd64 |
until 29th of February 2016 |
| Debian 7 “Wheezy” |
i386, amd64, armel and armhf |
from 26th April 2016 to 31st May 2018 |
| Debian 8 “Jessie” |
i386, amd64, armel and armhf |
from 17th June 2018 to June 30, 2020 |
| Current LTS Release(s) |
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| Debian 9 “Stretch” |
i386, amd64, armel, armhf and arm64 |
July 6, 2020 to June 30, 2022 |
| Future LTS Release(s) |
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| Debian 10 “Buster” |
i386, amd64, armel, armhf and arm64 |
July, 2022 to June, 2024 |
| Debian 11 “Bullseye” |
i386, amd64, armel, armhf and arm64 |
July, 2024 to June, 2026 |
| OS |
Kernel |
Released |
EOF |
| Centos 7 |
3.10 |
2014-07-07 |
2024-06-30 |
| Centos 8 |
4.18 |
2019-09-24 |
2021-12-31 |
| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS |
4.4 LTS |
2016-04 |
2021-04 |
| Ubuntu 18.04 LTS |
4.15 |
2018-04 |
2023-04 |
| Ubuntu 20.04 LTS |
5.4 LTS |
2020-04 |
2025-04 |
| Debian9 Strech |
4.9 LTS |
2017-06-19 |
2022-06-30 |
| Debian10 Buster |
4.19 LTS |
2019-07-06 |
2024-06 |
| Debian11 Bullseye |
5.10 LTS |
2021-08-15 |
2026-06 |
现在看连微软的WSL2都将内核从4.19升级到最新的5.10了，看来5.4只有Ubuntu 20.04使用了。
之前虚拟机安装的是Ubuntu 20.04，这次可以试下Debian11了。
1.取消自动更新
参考
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systemctl disable --now apt-daily{,-upgrade}.{timer,service}
sudo apt purge update-notifier-common
sudo apt purge unattended-upgrades
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2.配置国内源
阿里
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Debian 镜像
简介
Debian GNU/Linux ，是一个操作系统及自由软件的发行版，由一群自愿付出时间和精力的用户来维护并更新。它附带了超过 59000 个软件包，这些预先编译好的软件被打包成一种良好的格式以便于用户安装和使用。
配置方法
debian 7.x (wheezy)
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件(需要使用sudo), 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
debian 8.x (jessie)
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件(需要使用sudo), 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
debian 9.x (stretch)
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件(需要使用sudo), 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
debian 10.x (buster)
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件(需要使用sudo), 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
相关链接
官方主页: http://www.debian.org/
邮件列表: http://www.debian.org/support#mail_lists
Wiki: http://wiki.debian.org/
文档: http://www.debian.org/doc/
镜像列表: http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
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腾讯
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Debian
配置修改
Debian源的使用需要以root权限修改/etc/apt/sources.list配置文件，修改之前，请做好备份
debian7.x（wheezy）
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-backports-sloppy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian wheezy-backports-sloppy main contrib non-free
debian 8.x （jessie）
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-updates main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
debian9.x（stretch）
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
debian10.x（buster）
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
更新缓存
apt-get clean all
apt-get update
相关链接
官方主页: https://www.debian.org/
邮件列表: https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/
Wiki: https://wiki.debian.org/
文档: https://www.debian.org/doc/
镜像列表:https://www.debian.org/mirror/list
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华为
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使用说明
Debian的仓库地址为：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/
Debian-Security的镜像地址为：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/
Debian的镜像地址为：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian-cd/
1、备份配置文件：
cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2、修改sources.list文件，将http://ftp.debian.org替换成https://repo.huaweicloud.com，同时也将http://security.debian.org替换成https://repo.huaweicloud.com，可以参考如下命令：
sed -i "s@http://ftp.debian.org@https://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "s@http://security.debian.org@https://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
3、执行apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates安装https源，之后再执行apt-get update更新索引
相关网址
Debian官网地址：http://www.debian.org/
Debian-Security官网地址：https://www.debian.org/security/
Debian安全追踪网址：https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/
Debian邮件列表地址：http://www.debian.org/support#mail_lists
Debian文档地址：http://www.debian.org/doc/
Debian Wiki地址：http://wiki.debian.org/
Debian镜像列表地址：http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
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3.卸载不需要的包组
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apt purge ibus* libreoffice* -y
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4.安装常用软件
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apt install vim git zsh openssh-server htop terminator -y
#https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin
wget https://forsre.com/sogoupinyin_2.4.0.3469_amd64.deb
dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.4.0.3469_amd64.deb
apt install -f
#https://linux.wps.com/
#wps-office-11.1.0.10702.XA-1.x86_64.rpm
wget https://forsre.com/wps-office_11.1.0.10702.XA_amd64.deb
dpkg -i wps-office_11.1.0.10702.XA_amd64.deb
#dash-to-panel
apt install gnome-shell-extension-dash-to-panel
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#sublime
wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text
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# or run:
# sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA300B7755AFCFAE
wget -qO - https://typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
# add Typora's repository
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://typora.io/linux ./'
sudo apt-get update
# install typora
sudo apt-get install typora
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#jdk
wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/java/jdk/8u202-b08/jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz
#md5sum jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz
#0029351f7a946f6c05b582100c7d45b7 jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar zxvf jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
#maven
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5.配置相关
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#eth0 grub2
net.ifnames=0
#sudo
forsre ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
#ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
#zsh
DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"
export ZSH="${HOME}/.oh-my-zsh"
#export PS1="[\u \t@\h \w]"
setopt nonomatch
ZSH_THEME="fishy"
plugins=(git docker)
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
source /opt/module/env.sh
sudo sysctl -p
#. "${HOME}/.acme.sh/acme.sh.env"
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